According to a census of prisoners, 17.8% of prisoners were transferred
once; 5% — 2 times; 1.7% — 3 times; 1.5% — 5 times and more. In
special regime colonies slightly more than 50% of prisoners serve their sentences in one ITK.
We should note that according to our estimates, more than one half of prisoners serve
their sentences far from places of their residence. According to Dr. Mikhlin, the main
reason for this is ITUs disproportionate allocation in
Russian regions. "The majority of colonies," Dr. Mikhlin writes, "were
established during the years when prisoners were primarily used as a working force to
develop uninhabited areas". Orientation at large capacity institutions resulted in an
unfavorable situation for socially vulnerable groups of prisoners. 50% of women serve
their sentences far from their homes. There are only 31 female colonies (11 of them are
for women with small children), 3 colonies for girls from 14 to 18 years old, 1 female
prison and 58 juvenile colonies.
